Wednesday, 14 May 2014

How to correctly determine the self-inductance Le of Power Capacitors

The self-inductance of power capacitors cannot be measured by means of an LCR-bridge. There are two reasons for that:


1. The tolerance band of any LCR bridge is too wide for a reliable measurement of the self-inductance of power electronics capacitors.

2. Whenever a capacitor is measured, the LCR bridge is connected with a series of a.) very large capacitance, b.) very small inductance, and c.) series resistance (i.e. sum of all conductors in the capacitor including terminals, wires, film coating, etc.) Both C and RS are representing such large and dominating values that it is practically impossible to get a reasonable reading of L. Example: The readings received by one client were in the range of 800…1000nH and more which is completely irregular and illogical.

The above is the reason why capacitor standard IEC 61071 contains detailed instructions in section 5.12. as to how the self-inductance of capacitors has to be determined. This is also an obligatory part of the type test procedure prescribed for power electronics capacitors and required under type test clause 5.2.2.j
The standard emphasizes that this can only be made indirectly through calculation from the resonance frequency, and that it is essential to measure the resonance frequency by the help of a procedure which excludes any mistakes or errors, caused by connections or auxiliary equipment. There are two different procedures.

Procedure 1: Frequency Run Method
Measuring equipment required: frequency generator, amplifier and high-definition circuit analyzer
By the help of the frequency generator, a defined frequency range is checked. At the same time the voltage change is read by a voltmeter. The frequency value at which the voltage value reaches its minimum defines the resonance point of the capacitor.
Afterwards, the self-inductance is calculated using the formula

Fres = 1/2pÖ(LC)

Procedure 2: Surge Discharge Method
A digital oscilloscope records the curve of the discharge during a surge discharge of the capacitor. Afterwards, the resonance frequency is identified by the numbers of intersection points over time scale.
It has to be noted that in method 2, there is an uncertainty factor which is the external inductance of the measuring circuit.

Hence procedure 1 is the most reliable method and therefore, we are recommending using this method only for the determination of the self-inductance of capacitors.

Also we would like to mention that selection of high quality measurement equipment , (Keithly for example) is key to the correct measurements.

As one can judge from the above, it is not reasonable to measure the self-inductance of capacitors as part of the routine test. This would require far too much manpower and time and cripple any cost-efficient production. This is also the reason why the applicable IEC standard 61071 does not list such measurement as part of the obligatory routine test for power electronics capacitors.

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